Above: A tile scene showing Africans in Portuguese colonies being freed from their colonization.
1 Madonna of Muizenberg (1983), by Jean Doyle.
2 to 4 are carvings from the African Passion sculpture exhibit, the art originally from Zimbabwe.
5 to 12 are famous kings of Portugal, mentioned in a 2006 poll of the greatest Portuguese people ever.
5 King Manuel I (1495-1521), 14th king of Portugal, began the colonization of the Americas and India, and the establishment of a vast trade
empire across Africa and Asia, ranked 43rd overall.
6 King Felipe I (1556-1598), 17th king of Portugal, the Spanish King who conquered Portugal in 1556, unsurprisingly not ranked or revered in Portugal.
7 King João IV (1640-1656), 22nd king of Portugal, began the Portuguese restoration of independence from Spanish rule, ranked 93rd overall.
8 King José I (1750-1777), 26th king of Portugal, not ranked, but his Minister of the Kingdom who restored Lisbon after an earthquake, ranked 9th overall.
9 Queen Maria I, (1777-1816), 27th ruler of Portugal, oversaw growth in Portugal's economy, completion of the Palace of Queluz, unranked.
10 Queen Maria II, (1826-1828, 1834-1853), 31st ruler of Portugal, crushed 1846 revolutionary insurrection, public health and education, unranked.
11 King Carlos I, (1889-1908), 36th king of Portugal, confirmed colonial treaties dating back to the 17th century, gave up African territory to the British, stabilised the political
balance in Africa, declared Portugal bankrupt twice, ranked 60th overall.
12 2nd Republic, António de Oliveira Salazar, (1936-1968), repressive dictator who was opposed to communism, socialism and liberalism ... his rule was
conservative, corporatist and nationalist (basically fascist), expanded Portugal's economy. He ranked 1st overall, but also ranked 1st on the worst list.
13 3rd Republic, (after 1974), became a democracy after the fall of Salazar and the 2nd Republic.
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